Starch/Polyester Films: Simultaneous Optimisation of the Properties for the Production of Biodegradable Plastic Bags
Yamashita, Fabio; Bilck, A. P.; Grossmann, M. V. E.; Olivato, Juliana B.; Oliveira, L. M.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282013005000017
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.23, n1, p.32-36, 2013
Abstract
Blends of starch/polyester have been of great interest in the development of biodegradable packaging. A method based on multiple responses optimisation (Desirability) was used to evaluate the properties of tensile strength, perforation force, elongation and seal strength of cassava starch/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blown films produced via a one-step reactive extrusion using tartaric acid (TA) as a compatibiliser. Maximum results for all the properties were set as more desirable, with an optimal formulation being obtained which contained (55:45) starch/PBAT (88.2 wt. (%)), glycerol (11.0 wt. (%)) and TA (0.8 wt. (%)). Biodegradable plastic bags were produced using the film with this formulation, and analysed according to the standard method of the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). The bags exhibited a 45% failure rate in free-falling dart impact tests, a 10% of failure rate in dynamic load tests and no failure in static load tests. These results meet the specifications set by the standard. Thus, the biodegradable plastic bags fabricated with an optimised formulation could be useful as an alternative to those made from non-biodegradable materials if the nominal capacity declared for this material is considered.
Keywords
Starch/PBAT blends, tartaric acid, extrusion, desirability, biodegradable bags
References
1. Canevarolo Junior, S. V. – “Ciência dos Polímeros”, Artliber, São Paulo
(2010).
2. Sharp, A.; Hoj, S. & Wheller, M. – J. Cons. Behav., 9, p.470 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.335
3. Avérous, L. – J. Macromol.Sci., C44, p.231 (2004). http://dx.doi. org/10.1081/MC-200029326
4. Moad, G. – Prog. Polym.Sci., 36, p.218 (2011). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.11.002
5. Matta Junior, M. D.; Sarmento, S. B. S.; Sarantópoulos, C. I. G. L. & Zocchi, S. S. – Polímeros, 21, p.67 (2011).
6. Yu, J.; Wang, N. & Ma, X. – Starch/Starke, 57, p.494 (2005).
7. Kalambur, S. & Rizvi, S. S. H. – J. Plast. Film Sheet., 22, p.39 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087906062729
8. Olivato, J. B.; Grossmann, M. V. E.; Yamashita, F.; Eiras, D. & Pessan, L. A. – Carbohyd. Polym., 87, p.2614 (2012). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.035
9. Wang, N.; Yu, J. & Ma, X. – Polym. Int., 56, p.1440 (2007). http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.2302
10. Raquéz, J. M.; Nabar, Y.; Srinivasan, M.; Shin, B. Y.; Narayan, R. & Dubois, P. – Carbohy. Polym., 74, p.159 (2008).
11. Eswaranandam, S.; Hettiarachchy, N. S. & Meullenet, J. F. – J. Food Sci., 71, p.307 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006. tb15658.x
12. Ren, J.; Fu, H.; Ren, T. & Yuan, W. – Carbohyd. Polym., 77, p.576 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.024
13. Yoon, S.; Chough, S. & Park, H. – J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100, p.3733 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23303
14. Carneiro, R. J.; Silva, R. S. S. F.; Borsato, D. & Bona, E. - Semin. Cienc. Agrar., 26, p.353 (2005).
15. Derringer, G. & Suich, R. – J. Qual. Tech., 12, p.214 (1980).
16. American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM. - “D882-00: Standard test methods for tensile properties of thin plastic sheeting”, Philadelphia (2001).
17. American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM. - “F1306-90: Standard test method for slow rate penetration resistance of flexible barrier films and laminates”, Philadelphia (2002).
18. American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM. - “F88-00: Standard test method for seal strength of flexible barrier materials”, Philadelphia (2001).
19. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas – ABNT. “NBR 14937:2010: Sacolas plásticas tipo camiseta – Requisitos e métodos de ensaio”, Rio de Janeiro (2010).
20. Oliveira, L. M.; Sarantópoulos, C. I. G. L.; Cunha, D. G. & Lemos, A. B. – Polímeros, 16, p.202 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104- 14282006000300009
21. Sarantópoulos, C. I. G. L.; Oliveira, L. M.; Padula, M.; Coltro, L.; Alves, R. M. V. & Garcia, E. E. C. - “Embalagens Plásticas Flexíveis: Principais Polímeros e Avaliação de Propriedades”, CETEA/ ITAL,Campinas (2002).
22. Parra, D. F.; Tadini, C. C.; Ponce, P. & Lugão, A. B. – Carbohyd. Polym., 58, p.475 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2004.08.021
23. Cuq, B.; Gontard, N.; Cuq, J. L. & Guilbert, S. – J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, p.622 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960352i
24. Da Róz, A. L.; Zambon, M. D.; Curvelo, A. A. S. & Carvalho, A. J. F. – Ind. Crops Prod., 33, p.152 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. indcrop.2010.09.015
25. Olivato, J. B.; Grossmann, M. V. E.; Bilck, A. P.; Yamashita, F. - Carbohyd. Polym., 90, p.159 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2012.05.009
26. Miranda, V. R. & Carvalho, A. J. F. – Polímeros, 21, p.353 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000067
27. Olivato, J. B.; Grossmann, M. V. E.; Yamashita, F.; Nobrega, M. M.; Scapin, M. R. S.; Eiras, D. & Pessan, L. A. – Int. J. Food Sci. Tech., 46, p.1934 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02704.x
28. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia – INMETRO. - “Programa de Análise de Produtos”. Disponível em:. Acesso: 05
mar. 2012.
2. Sharp, A.; Hoj, S. & Wheller, M. – J. Cons. Behav., 9, p.470 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.335
3. Avérous, L. – J. Macromol.Sci., C44, p.231 (2004). http://dx.doi. org/10.1081/MC-200029326
4. Moad, G. – Prog. Polym.Sci., 36, p.218 (2011). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.11.002
5. Matta Junior, M. D.; Sarmento, S. B. S.; Sarantópoulos, C. I. G. L. & Zocchi, S. S. – Polímeros, 21, p.67 (2011).
6. Yu, J.; Wang, N. & Ma, X. – Starch/Starke, 57, p.494 (2005).
7. Kalambur, S. & Rizvi, S. S. H. – J. Plast. Film Sheet., 22, p.39 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087906062729
8. Olivato, J. B.; Grossmann, M. V. E.; Yamashita, F.; Eiras, D. & Pessan, L. A. – Carbohyd. Polym., 87, p.2614 (2012). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.035
9. Wang, N.; Yu, J. & Ma, X. – Polym. Int., 56, p.1440 (2007). http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.2302
10. Raquéz, J. M.; Nabar, Y.; Srinivasan, M.; Shin, B. Y.; Narayan, R. & Dubois, P. – Carbohy. Polym., 74, p.159 (2008).
11. Eswaranandam, S.; Hettiarachchy, N. S. & Meullenet, J. F. – J. Food Sci., 71, p.307 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006. tb15658.x
12. Ren, J.; Fu, H.; Ren, T. & Yuan, W. – Carbohyd. Polym., 77, p.576 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.024
13. Yoon, S.; Chough, S. & Park, H. – J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100, p.3733 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23303
14. Carneiro, R. J.; Silva, R. S. S. F.; Borsato, D. & Bona, E. - Semin. Cienc. Agrar., 26, p.353 (2005).
15. Derringer, G. & Suich, R. – J. Qual. Tech., 12, p.214 (1980).
16. American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM. - “D882-00: Standard test methods for tensile properties of thin plastic sheeting”, Philadelphia (2001).
17. American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM. - “F1306-90: Standard test method for slow rate penetration resistance of flexible barrier films and laminates”, Philadelphia (2002).
18. American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM. - “F88-00: Standard test method for seal strength of flexible barrier materials”, Philadelphia (2001).
19. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas – ABNT. “NBR 14937:2010: Sacolas plásticas tipo camiseta – Requisitos e métodos de ensaio”, Rio de Janeiro (2010).
20. Oliveira, L. M.; Sarantópoulos, C. I. G. L.; Cunha, D. G. & Lemos, A. B. – Polímeros, 16, p.202 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104- 14282006000300009
21. Sarantópoulos, C. I. G. L.; Oliveira, L. M.; Padula, M.; Coltro, L.; Alves, R. M. V. & Garcia, E. E. C. - “Embalagens Plásticas Flexíveis: Principais Polímeros e Avaliação de Propriedades”, CETEA/ ITAL,Campinas (2002).
22. Parra, D. F.; Tadini, C. C.; Ponce, P. & Lugão, A. B. – Carbohyd. Polym., 58, p.475 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2004.08.021
23. Cuq, B.; Gontard, N.; Cuq, J. L. & Guilbert, S. – J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, p.622 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960352i
24. Da Róz, A. L.; Zambon, M. D.; Curvelo, A. A. S. & Carvalho, A. J. F. – Ind. Crops Prod., 33, p.152 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. indcrop.2010.09.015
25. Olivato, J. B.; Grossmann, M. V. E.; Bilck, A. P.; Yamashita, F. - Carbohyd. Polym., 90, p.159 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2012.05.009
26. Miranda, V. R. & Carvalho, A. J. F. – Polímeros, 21, p.353 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000067
27. Olivato, J. B.; Grossmann, M. V. E.; Yamashita, F.; Nobrega, M. M.; Scapin, M. R. S.; Eiras, D. & Pessan, L. A. – Int. J. Food Sci. Tech., 46, p.1934 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02704.x
28. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia – INMETRO. - “Programa de Análise de Produtos”. Disponível em:
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email