A Study of the Initiator Concentration’s Effect on Styrene-Divinylbenzene Polymerization with Iron Particles
Conceição, Bárbara M. da; Costa, Marcos A. S.; Santa Maria, Luiz C. de; Silva, Manoel R.; Wang, Shu H.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000070
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.21, n5, p.409-415, 2011
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation of magnetic copolymer obtained from suspension polymerization of styrene (Sty) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in the presence of iron particles treated and not treated with oleic acid. The magnetic copolymers were characterized according to their morphology, particle size distribution and magnetic properties. The results show that incorporation of iron particles significantly changed the particles’ morphology. All samples presented higher saturation magnetization than the values reported in the literature and the particle size distribution was more monodisperse when the polymerization was conducted with 5%wt of benzoyl peroxide (BPO).
Keywords
Magnetic copolymers, suspension polymerization, iron, composite
References
1. Denkbas, E. B.; Kiliçay, E.; Birlikseven, C. & Ozturk, E. - React.
Funct. Polym., 50, p.225 (2002).
2. Lee, Y.; Rho, J. & Jung, B. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89, p.2058 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12365
3. Liu, Z. L.; Ding, Z. H.; Yao, K. L.; Tao, J.; Du, G. H.; Lu, Q. H.; Wang, X.; Gong, F. L. & Chen, X. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 265, p.98 (2003).
4. Liu, X.; Ma, Z.; Xing, J. & Liu, H. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 270, p.1 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.07.006
5. Ding, X. B.; Sun, Z. H.; Wan, G. X. & Jiang, Y. Y. - React. Funct. Polym., 38, p.11 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1381- 5148(97)00154-5
6. Ugelstad, J.; Berge, A.; Ellingsen, T.; Schmid, R.; Nielsen, T. N.; Mork, P. C. - Prog. Polym. Sci., 17, p.87 (1992). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0079-6700(92)90017-S
7. Philippova, O.; Barabanova, A.; Molchanov, V. & Khokhlov, A. - Eur. Polym. J., 47, p.542 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. eurpolymj.2010.11.006
8. Kroll, E.; Winnik, F. M. & Ziolo, R. F. - Chem. Mater., 8, p.1594 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm960095x
9. Chen, L.; Yang, W. J. & Yang, C. Z. - J. Mater. Sci., 32, p.3571 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018613926326
10. Käppler, T. E.; Hickstein, B.; Peuker, U. A & Posen C. - J. Biosci. Bioeng., 105, p.579 (2008). PMid:18640596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1263/ jbb.105.579
11. Amara, F.; Grinblat, J. & Margel, S. - J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, p.1899 (2010).
12. Ely, T. O.; Amiens, C. & Chaudret, B. - Chem. Mater., 11, p.526 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm980675p
13. Horak, D.; Bohacek, J. & Subrt, M. - J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 38, p.1161 (2000).
14. Horak, D. - J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 39, p.3707(2001).
15. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Yang, Y.; Ma, Z.; Wu, X. & Liu, H. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94, p.2205(2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21168
16. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Shen, R. & Liu, H. - J. Chromatogr. B, 822, p.91 (2005). PMid:15998604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.001
17. Yang, C.; Liu, H.; Guan, Y.; Xing, J.; Liu, J. & Shan, G. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 293, p.187(2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jmmm.2005.01.060
18. Yang, C.; Guan, Y.; Xing, J.; Liu, J.; Shan, G.; An, Z. & Liu, H. - Aiche J., 51, p.2011(2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10467
19. Yang, C.; Guan, Y.; Xing, J.; Jia, G. & Liu, H. - React. Funct. Polym., 66, p.267 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2005.08.012
20. Santa-Maria, L. C.; Leite, M. C. A. M.; Costa, M. A. S.; Ribeiro, J. M. S.; Senna, L. F. & Silva, M. R. - Eur. Polym. J., 39, p.843 (2003). PMid:14731290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2004.01233.x
21. Santa-Maria, L. C.; Leite, M. C. A. M.; Costa, M. A. S.; Ribeiro, J. M. S.; Senna, L. F. & Silva, M. R. - J. Microsc., 213, p.94(2004).
22. Santa-Maria, L. C.; Leite, M. C. A. M.; Costa, M. A. S.; Ribeiro, J. M. S.; Senna, L. F. & Silva, M. R. - Mater. Lett., 58, p.3001(2004).
23. Alvarez, J. Alvarez, J. J. & Martinez, R. E. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, p.209 (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070490020
24. Ober, C. K. & Hair, M. L. - J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 25, p.1395 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250516
25. Silverstein, R. M.; Bassler, G. C. & Morrill, T. C. - “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, Guanabara Koogan S. A., Rio de Janeiro (1991).
26. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Liu, H.; Ma, Z.; Yang, Y. & Wu, X. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 293, p.111(2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jmmm.2005.01.051
27. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Ma, Z. & Liu, H. - Langmuir, 20, p.10278 (2004). PMid:15518525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0491908
28. Ma, Z.; Guan, Y.; Liu, X. & Liu, H. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 96, p.2174 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21688
2. Lee, Y.; Rho, J. & Jung, B. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89, p.2058 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12365
3. Liu, Z. L.; Ding, Z. H.; Yao, K. L.; Tao, J.; Du, G. H.; Lu, Q. H.; Wang, X.; Gong, F. L. & Chen, X. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 265, p.98 (2003).
4. Liu, X.; Ma, Z.; Xing, J. & Liu, H. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 270, p.1 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.07.006
5. Ding, X. B.; Sun, Z. H.; Wan, G. X. & Jiang, Y. Y. - React. Funct. Polym., 38, p.11 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1381- 5148(97)00154-5
6. Ugelstad, J.; Berge, A.; Ellingsen, T.; Schmid, R.; Nielsen, T. N.; Mork, P. C. - Prog. Polym. Sci., 17, p.87 (1992). http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/0079-6700(92)90017-S
7. Philippova, O.; Barabanova, A.; Molchanov, V. & Khokhlov, A. - Eur. Polym. J., 47, p.542 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. eurpolymj.2010.11.006
8. Kroll, E.; Winnik, F. M. & Ziolo, R. F. - Chem. Mater., 8, p.1594 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm960095x
9. Chen, L.; Yang, W. J. & Yang, C. Z. - J. Mater. Sci., 32, p.3571 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018613926326
10. Käppler, T. E.; Hickstein, B.; Peuker, U. A & Posen C. - J. Biosci. Bioeng., 105, p.579 (2008). PMid:18640596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1263/ jbb.105.579
11. Amara, F.; Grinblat, J. & Margel, S. - J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, p.1899 (2010).
12. Ely, T. O.; Amiens, C. & Chaudret, B. - Chem. Mater., 11, p.526 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm980675p
13. Horak, D.; Bohacek, J. & Subrt, M. - J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 38, p.1161 (2000).
14. Horak, D. - J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 39, p.3707(2001).
15. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Yang, Y.; Ma, Z.; Wu, X. & Liu, H. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94, p.2205(2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21168
16. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Shen, R. & Liu, H. - J. Chromatogr. B, 822, p.91 (2005). PMid:15998604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.001
17. Yang, C.; Liu, H.; Guan, Y.; Xing, J.; Liu, J. & Shan, G. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 293, p.187(2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jmmm.2005.01.060
18. Yang, C.; Guan, Y.; Xing, J.; Liu, J.; Shan, G.; An, Z. & Liu, H. - Aiche J., 51, p.2011(2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10467
19. Yang, C.; Guan, Y.; Xing, J.; Jia, G. & Liu, H. - React. Funct. Polym., 66, p.267 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2005.08.012
20. Santa-Maria, L. C.; Leite, M. C. A. M.; Costa, M. A. S.; Ribeiro, J. M. S.; Senna, L. F. & Silva, M. R. - Eur. Polym. J., 39, p.843 (2003). PMid:14731290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2004.01233.x
21. Santa-Maria, L. C.; Leite, M. C. A. M.; Costa, M. A. S.; Ribeiro, J. M. S.; Senna, L. F. & Silva, M. R. - J. Microsc., 213, p.94(2004).
22. Santa-Maria, L. C.; Leite, M. C. A. M.; Costa, M. A. S.; Ribeiro, J. M. S.; Senna, L. F. & Silva, M. R. - Mater. Lett., 58, p.3001(2004).
23. Alvarez, J. Alvarez, J. J. & Martinez, R. E. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, p.209 (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070490020
24. Ober, C. K. & Hair, M. L. - J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 25, p.1395 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250516
25. Silverstein, R. M.; Bassler, G. C. & Morrill, T. C. - “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, Guanabara Koogan S. A., Rio de Janeiro (1991).
26. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Liu, H.; Ma, Z.; Yang, Y. & Wu, X. - J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 293, p.111(2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jmmm.2005.01.051
27. Liu, X.; Guan, Y.; Ma, Z. & Liu, H. - Langmuir, 20, p.10278 (2004). PMid:15518525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0491908
28. Ma, Z.; Guan, Y.; Liu, X. & Liu, H. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 96, p.2174 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21688