Surface treated fly ash filled modified epoxy composites
Dharmalingam, Uma; Dhanasekaran, Meenakshi; Balasubramanian, Kothandaraman; Kandasamy, Ravichandran
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2152
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.25, n6, p.540-546, 2015
Abstract
Fly ash, an inorganic alumino silicate has been used as filler in epoxy matrix, but it reduces the mechanical properties due to its poor dispersion and interfacial bonding with the epoxy matrix. To improve its interfacial bonding with epoxy matrix, surface treatment of fly ash was done using surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate and silane coupling agent glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane. An attempt is also made to reduce the particle size of fly ash using high pressure pulverizer. To improve fly ash dispersion in epoxy matrix, the epoxy was modified by mixing with amine containing liquid silicone rubber (ACS). The effect of surface treated fly ash with varying filler loadings from 10 to 40% weight on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of modified epoxy composites was investigated. The surface treated fly ash was characterized by particle size analyzer and FTIR spectra. Morphological studies of surface treated fly ash filled modified epoxy composites indicate good dispersion of fillers in the modified epoxy matrix and improves its mechanical properties. Impact strength of the surface treated fly ash filled modified epoxy composites show more improvement than unmodified composites.
Keywords
fly ash, poly dimethyl siloxane-co-amino propyl methyl siloxane, silane coupling agent, surfactant.
References
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15. González González, M., Cabanelas, J. C., & Baselga, J. (2012). Applications of FTIR on epoxy resins - identification, monitoring the curing process, phase separation and water uptake. In T. Theophile (Ed.), Infrared spectroscopy-materials science engineering and technology (pp. 261-284). Rijeka: InTech Publication.
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2. Devi, M. S., Murugesan, V., Rengaraj, K., & Anand, P. (1998). Utilisation of fly ash as filler for unsaturated polyester resin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 39(7), 1385-1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980815)69:7<1385::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-T.
3. Sreekanth, M. S., Joseph, S., Mhaske, S. T., & Mahanwar, P. (2009). Effect of particle size and concentration of fly ash on properties of polyester thermoplastic elastomer composites. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 8(3), 237-248.
4. Yang, Y. F., Gai, G. S., Cai, Z. F., & Chen, Q. R. (2006). Purification and surface modification of fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 133, 276-282.
5. Alkadesi, N. A. N., Hundiwale, D. G., & Kapadi, U. R. (2004). Effect of coupling agent on the mechanical properties of fly ash–filled polybutadiene rubber. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(2), 1324-1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13280.
6. Nath, D. C. D., Bandyopadhyay, S., Gupta, S., Yu, A., Blackburn, D., & White, C. (2010). Surface-coated fly ash used as filler in biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films: part 1-The modification process. Applied Surface Science, 256(9), 2759-2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.11.024.
7. Kulkarni, S. M., & Kishore, (2002). Effects of surface treatments and size of fly ash particles on the compressive properties of epoxy based particulate composites. Journal of Materials Science, 37(20), 4321-4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020648418233.
8. Singla, M., & Chawla, V. (2010). Mechanical properties of epoxy resin – fly ash composite. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 9(3), 199-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2010.93017.
9. Mohammed Altaweel, A. M. A., Ranganathaiah, C., Kothandaraman, B., Raj, J. M., & Chandrashekara, M. N. (2011). Characterization of ACS modified epoxy resin composites with fly ash and cenospheres as fillers, mechanical and microstructural properties. Polymer Composites, 32(1), 139-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.21030.
10. van der Merwe, E. M., Prisloo, L. C., Kuger, R. A., & Mathebula, L. C. (2011). Characterization of coal fly ash modified by sodium lauryl sulfate. 2011 World of Coal Ash Conference (pp. 01-17). Denver: University of Kentucky. Retrieved in 10 May 2011, from http://www.flyash.info/2011/083-vanderMerwe-2011.pdf
11. Satheesh Rajaa, R., Manisekar, K., & Manikandan, V. (2013). Effect of fly ash filler size on mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites. International Journal of Mining, Metallurgy &. International Journal of Mining, Metallurgy & Mechanical Engineering, 1(1), 34-37. Retrieved in 05 January 2013, from http://www.isaet.org/images/extraimages/IJMMME%200101008.pdf
12. Altaweel, A. M. A. M., Ranganathaiah, C., & Kothandaraman, B. (2009). Mechanical properties of modified epoxies as related to free volume parameters. The Journal of Adhesion, 85(4-5), 200-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218460902881774.
13. Takahashi, T., Nakajima, N., & Saito, N. (1989). Morphology and mechanical properties of rubber-modified epoxy systems. Amino-terminated polysiloxane. In C. K. Riew (Ed.), Rubber toughened plastics (Vol. 222, pp. 243-261). Washington: American Chemical Society.
14. Wu, G., Gu, J., & Zhao, X. (2007). Preparation and dynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane-modified epoxy composites filled with functionalized fly ash particulates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105(3), 1118-1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26146.
15. González González, M., Cabanelas, J. C., & Baselga, J. (2012). Applications of FTIR on epoxy resins - identification, monitoring the curing process, phase separation and water uptake. In T. Theophile (Ed.), Infrared spectroscopy-materials science engineering and technology (pp. 261-284). Rijeka: InTech Publication.
16. Launer, P. J. (1987). Infrared analysis of organosilicon compounds: spectra-structure correlations. In B. Arkles (Ed.), Silicon compounds: silanes & silicones (pp. 100-103). Morrisville: Gelest.
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