Characterization of clay filled poly (butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites prepared by solution blending
Saeed, Khalid; Khan, Inayatullah
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2039
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.25, n6, p.591-595, 2015
Abstract
Kaolin clay/poly (butylene terephthalate) (clay/PBT) composites films were prepared by solution casting technique. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) study showed that clay particles were well dispersed and embedded within the PBT matrix. The TGA thermograms showed that the thermal stability of PBT matrix was slightly improved by the incorporation of clay into the polymer matrix. The polarized optical microscopy (POM) study presented that the size of spherulites of PBT was decreased by the incorporation of clay into matrix, which might be due to nucleation effect of kaolin clay. The tensile strength and modulii of PBT polymer matrix were also significantly improved by the addition of clay polymer matrix. The solvent uptake study showed that the uptake of various solvents by clay/PBT nanocomposite were lower than neat PBT.
Keywords
kaolin clay, morphology, nanocomposites.
References
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22. Shyang, C. W. (2008). Tensile and thermal properties of poly(Butylene Terephtalate)/organo-montmorillonite. Malaysian Polymer Journal, 3(1), 1-13. Retrieved in 16 November 2015, from http://www.cheme.utm.my/mpj/images/080301_1chow.pdf
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24. Venkataramani, S., Lee, J. H., Park, M. G., & Kim, S. C. (2009). Structure and properties of polyamide-6 & 6/66 clay nanocomposites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 46(1), 65-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601320802515399.
25. Gu, X. H., Zeng, P., Zhou, J. L., & Xu, B. (2014). Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) incoporated with secondary-modified montmorillonite. Iranain Polymer Journal, 23(4), 249-255.
2. Kojima, Y., Usuki, A., Kawasumi, M., Okada, A., Fukushima, Y., Kurauchi, T., & Kamigaito, O. (1993). Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. Journal of Materials Research, 8(5), 1185-1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1993.1185.
3. Usuki, A., Kojima, Y., Kawasumi, M., Okada, A., Fukushima, Y., Kurauchi, T., & Kamigaito, O. (1993). Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid. Journal of Materials Research, 8(5), 1179-1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1993.1179.
4. Wu, D., Zhou, C., Yu, W., & Fan, X. (2005). Effect of flocculated structure on rheology of poly(butylene terephthalate)/Clay nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science. Part B, Polymer Physics, 43(19), 2807-2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.20568.
5. Ishida, H., Campbell, S., & Blackwell, J. (2000). General approach to nanocomposite preparation. Chemistry of Materials, 12(5), 1260-1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm990479y.
6. Messersmith, P. B., & Giannelis, E. P. (1995). Synthesis and barrier properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)-layered silicate nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science. Part B, Polymer Physics, 33(7), 1047-1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330707.
7. Bunnak, N., Laoratanaku, P., Bhalla, A. S., & Manuspiya, H. (2013). Dielectric properties improvement of polymer composite prepared from poly(vinylidene difluoride) and barium-modified porous clay heterostructure. Electronic Materials Letters, 9(3), 315-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13391-012-2210-z.
8. Ahmadi, S. J., Huang, Y. D., & Li, W. (2004). Review synthetic routes, properties and future applications of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science, 39(6), 1919-1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000017753.90222.96.
9. Sinha Ray, S., & Okamoto, M. (2003). Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing. Progress in Polymer Science, 28(11), 1539-1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.08.002.
10. Li, X. C., Kang, T. Y., Cho, W. J., Lee, J. K., & Ha, C. S. (2001). Preparation and characterization of poly(butyleneterephthalate)/organoclay nanocomposites. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 22(16), 1306-1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20011101)22:16<1306::AID-MARC1306>3.0.CO;2-I.
11. Weichenhain, R., Wesner, D. A., Pfleging, W., Horn, H., & Kreutz, E. W. (1997). KrF-excimer laser pretreatment and metallization of polymers. Applied Surface Science, 109-110, 264-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(96)00910-5.
12. Xiao, J. F., Hu, Y. A., Lu, H. D., Cai, Y. B., Chen, Z. Y. J., & Fan, W. (2007). Effect of order of mixing on morphology and thermal properties of the compatibilized PBT and ABS alloys/OMT nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(4), 2130-2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24218.
13. Canto, L. B., Hage, E., & Pessan, L. A. (2006). Effects of the molecular structure of impact modifier and compatibilizer on the toughening of PBT/SBS/PS‐GMA blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102(6), 5795-5807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24721.
14. Larocca, N. M., Hage E. & Pessan, L. A. (2004). Toughening of poly(butylene terephthalate) by AES terpolymer. Polymer, 45(15), 5265-5277 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.056.
15. Chang, J. H., An, Y. U., Kim, S. J., & Im, S. S. (2003). Poly(butylene terephthalate)/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by in situ interlayer polymerization and its fiber (II). Polymer, 44(19), 5655-5661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00613-X.
16. Chang, Y. W., Kim, S. S., & Kyung, Y. B. (2005). Poly(butylene terephthalate)–clay nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation: morphology and thermomechanical properties. Polymer International, 54(2), 348-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1686.
17. Jepson, W. B. (1984). Kaolins: their properties and uses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 311(1517), 411-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1984.0037.
18. Murray, H. H. (2000). Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite: a general overview. Applied Clay Science, 17(5-6), 207-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(00)00016-8.
19. Grim, R. E. (1968). Clay mineralogy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20. Haider, S., Park, S. Y., Saeed, K., & Farmer, B. L. (2007). Swelling and electroresponsive characteristics of gelatin immobilized onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical, 124(2), 517-528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2007.01.024.
21. Saeed, K., & Park, S.-Y. (2007). Preparation and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycaprolactone nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(3), 1957-1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.25902.
22. Shyang, C. W. (2008). Tensile and thermal properties of poly(Butylene Terephtalate)/organo-montmorillonite. Malaysian Polymer Journal, 3(1), 1-13. Retrieved in 16 November 2015, from http://www.cheme.utm.my/mpj/images/080301_1chow.pdf
23. Xiao, J. F., Hu, Y., Wang, Z. Z., Tang, Y., Chen, Z. Y., & Fan, W. C. (2005). Preparation and characterization of poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites from thermally stable organic-modified montmorillonite. European Polymer Journal, 41(5), 1030-1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.11.025.
24. Venkataramani, S., Lee, J. H., Park, M. G., & Kim, S. C. (2009). Structure and properties of polyamide-6 & 6/66 clay nanocomposites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 46(1), 65-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601320802515399.
25. Gu, X. H., Zeng, P., Zhou, J. L., & Xu, B. (2014). Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) incoporated with secondary-modified montmorillonite. Iranain Polymer Journal, 23(4), 249-255.
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