Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia
https://revistapolimeros.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/0104-1428.20240044
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia
Original Article

Evaluation of recycled polypropylene properties with banknote-reinforced

Ingrid Amélia dos Santos Matusinho; Ítalo Rocha Coura; Patterson Patricio de Souza; Patrícia Santiago de Oliveira Patrício

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.20240044 Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.34, n3, e20240036, 2024
PDF
SciELO
Downloads: 1
Views: 20

Abstract

Banknotes often have a short lifespan and are frequently removed from circulation due to wear and tear, leading to a significant disposal challenge given the millions of banknotes discarded annually. This study evaluated the utilization of these waste banknotes, primarily composed of cotton fibers, in producing polymer composites. The mechanical and thermal properties, hydrophilicity, and degradation through accelerated aging of composites made from recycled polypropylene (PPR) and banknote residues were evaluated. The results indicated that including banknote waste increased the hydrophilicity of the composites relative to pure PPR and improved mechanical properties against weathering. Notably, composites with 10 wt% banknote content enhanced Young’s modulus and tensile strength, both in weathered and non-weathered conditions. This approach not only offers a potential solution for the disposal of waste banknotes but also aligns with the broader goal of reducing ecological impact and promoting the development of sustainable composite materials.

 

 

Keywords

composite, polypropylene, banknote

References

1 Awino, F. B., & Apitz, S. E. (2023). Solid waste management in the context of the waste hierarchy and circular economy frameworks: an international critical review. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 20(1), 9-35. http://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4774. PMid:37039089.

2 Aghmashhadi, O. Y., Rocha-Meneses, L., Bonturi, N., Orupõld, K., Asadpour, G., Garmaroody, E. R., Zabihzadeh, M., & Kikas, T. (2021). Effect of ink and pretreatment conditions on bioethanol and biomethane yields from waste banknote paper. Polymers, 13(2), 239. http://doi.org/10.3390/polym13020239. PMid:33445706.

3 Yehia, A., Yassin, K. E., & Eid, A. (2017). Recycling of shredded currency waste of Egyptian Central Bank for making good-quality papers. Separation Science and Technology, 53(3), 544-550. http://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2017.1395887.

4 Gil, C. S. B., Boaventura, T. P., Paula, F. G. F., Castro, M. C. M., & Oréfice, R. L. (2019). Direct use of Brazilian banknotes residue for the production of reinforced composites based on low-density polyethylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(47), 48232. http://doi.org/10.1002/app.48232.

5 Gu, F., Hall, P., & Miles, N. J. (2016). Performance evaluation for composites based on recycled polypropylene using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 343-353. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.062.

6 Sommerhuber, P. F., Wang, T., & Krause, A. (2016). Wood–plastic composites as potential applications of recycled plastics of electronic waste and recycled particleboard. Journal of Cleaner Production, 121, 176-185. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.036.

7 Singh, N., Hui, D., Singh, R., Ahuja, I. P. S., Feo, L., & Fraternali, F. (2017). Recycling of plastic solid waste: a state of the art review and future applications. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 115, 409-422. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.013.

8 Schyns, Z. O. G., & Shaver, M. P. (2020). Mechanical recycling of packaging plastics: a review. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 42(3), e2000415. http://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000415. PMid:33000883.

9 Chibani, N., Djidjelli, H., Dufresne, A., Boukerrou, A., & Nedjma, S. (2014). Study of effect of old corrugated cardboard in properties of polypropylene composites: study of mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and morphological properties. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 22(3), 231-238. http://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21437.

10 Yao, Z. T., Chen, T., Li, H. Y., Xia, M. S., Ye, Y., & Zheng, H. (2013). Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with modified shell waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 262, 212-217. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.062. PMid:24036146.

11 Butylina, S., Martikka, O., & Kärki, T. (2016). Effect of inorganic pigments on the properties of coextruded polypropylene-based composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 31(1), 23-33. http://doi.org/10.1177/0892705716646416.

12 Borovanska, I., Dobreva, T., Benavente, R., Djoumaliisky, S., & Kotzev, G. (2012). Quality assessment of recycled and modified LDPE/PP blends. Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, 44(6), 479-497. http://doi.org/10.1177/0095244312441731.

13 McCaffrey, Z., Torres, L., Flynn, S., Cao, T., Chiou, B.-S., Klamczynski, A., Glenn, G., & Orts, W. (2018). Recycled polypropylene-polyethylene torrefied almond shell biocomposites. Industrial Crops and Products, 125, 425-432. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.012.

14 Rodrigues, A. R. N., Melquiades, F. L., Appoloni, C. R., & Marques, E. N. (2019). Characterization of Brazilian banknotes using portable X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Forensic Science International, 302, 109872. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.030. PMid:31310941.

15 Imperio, E., Calò, E., Valli, L., & Giancane, G. (2015). Spectral investigations on 1000 £ banknotes throughout Italian Republic. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 79, 52-58. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2015.05.004.

16 Tian, S., Luo, Y., Chen, J., He, H., Chen, Y., & Ling, Z. (2019). A comprehensive study on the accelerated weathering properties of polypropylene: wood composites with non-metallic materials of waste-printed circuit board powders. Materials (Basel), 12(6), 876. http://doi.org/10.3390/ma12060876. PMid:30875982.
 

6712699aa953950cec336303 polimeros Articles
Links & Downloads
1678-5169 (Electronic) 0104-1428 (Printed)
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia ©2024 All rights reserved.

Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia

Share this page
Page Sections