Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia
https://revistapolimeros.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/0104-1428.20230113
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia
Original Article

Effect of synthesis conditions on the properties of magnetic crosslinked polystyrene microspheres

Thiago Alexandre de Oliveira Bouças; Marcos Antonio da Silva Costa; Henrique Almeida Cunha; Manoel Ribeiro da Silva; Wang Shu Hui; Jacira Aparecida Castanharo

Downloads: 0
Views: 139

Abstract

In this work, magnetic polymeric microspheres were prepared through the copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of magnetite synthesized in our laboratory. The effects of magnetite modification with oleic acid, stirring speed, initiator concentration and stabilizer concentration on the particles’ properties were studied. The magnetic microspheres were characterized according to morphology, thermal stability, particle size and distribution, and magnetic properties. The microspheres had spherical shape, micrometric size and superparamagnetic properties. Particle size was mainly affected by stirring speed, while particle size dispersion was strongly affected by initiator and stabilizer concentrations. The saturation magnetization of the microspheres was similar to the values reported in the literature for microspheres with the same content of magnetic material. The modification with oleic acid promoted the incorporation of magnetic material.

 

 

Keywords

magnetic properties, magnetite, suspension polymerization, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer

References

1 Philippova, O., Barabanova, A., Molchanov, V., & Khokhlov, A. (2011). Magnetic polymer beads: recent trends and developments in synthetic design and applications. European Polymer Journal, 47(4), 542-559. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.11.006.

2 Martin, C., & Cuellar, J. (2004). Synthesis of a novel magnetic resin and the study of equilibrium in cation exchange with amino acids. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43(2), 475-485. http://doi.org/10.1021/ie0302239.

3 Castanharo, J. A., Ferreira, I. L. M., Silva, M. R., & Costa, M. A. S. (2018). Core-shell magnetic particles obtained by seeded suspension polymerization of acrylic monomers. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 28(5), 460-467. http://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.10517.

4 Formiga, W. J. F., Mello, I. L., Costa, M. A. S., Silva, M. R., & Oliveira, M. G. (2013). Microesferas poliméricas magnéticas à base de estireno e divinilbenzeno com morfologia casca e núcleo. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 23(2), 262-269. http://doi.org/10.4322/polimeros.2013.075.

5 Formiga, W. J. F., Silva, M. R., Cunha, H. A., Castanharo, J. A., Ferreira, I. F. M., & Costa, M. A. S. (2023). Influence of benzoyl peroxide and divinylbenzene concentrations on the properties of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) magnetic microspheres. Macromolecular Reaction Engineering, 17(4), 2200070. http://doi.org/10.1002/mren.202200070.

6 Souza, F. S., Costa, M. A. S., Santa Maria, L. C., Mello, I. L., Silva, M. R., & Wang, S. H. (2013). Síntese e caracterização de copolímeros reticulados à base de estireno, divinilbenzeno e metacrilato de metila com propriedades magnéticas. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 23(1), 82-90. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282013005000004.

7 Queiroz, C. N., Cunha, H. A., Silva, M. R., Oliveira, M. G., Castanharo, J. A., Ferreira, I. L. M., & Costa, M. A. S. (2023). Influence of synthesis parameters on the magnetic, thermal, and morphological properties of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene)/magnetite. Macromolecular Reaction Engineering, 17(4), 2200073. http://doi.org/10.1002/mren.202200073.

8 Santa Maria, L. C., Costa, M. A. S., Soares, J. G. M., Wang, S. H., & Silva, M. R. (2005). Preparation and characterization of manganese, nickel and cobalt ferrites submicron particles in sulfonated crosslinked networks. Polymer, 46(25), 11288-11293. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.055.

9 Pastukhov, A. V. (2021). Magnetic sorbents based on hypercrosslinked copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene with immobilized iron oxides. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 160, 104823-104829. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104823.

10 Chae, H. S., Piao, S. H., Han, W. J., & Choi, H. J. (2018). Core/shell polystyrene/magnetite hybrid nanoparticles fabricated by pickering emulsion polymerization and their magnetorheological response. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 219(5), 1700408. http://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201700408.

11 Yu, P., Sun, Q., Pan, J., Tan, Z., Dai, J., Yan, Y., & Cheng, F. (2013). Performance of poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) magnetic porous microspheres prepared by suspension polymerization for the adsorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenol and 2, 6-dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions. Adsorption Science and Technology, 31(7), 641-656. http://doi.org/10.1260/0263-6174.31.7.641.

12 Mendes, M. S. L., Araujo, A. B., Neves, M. A. F. S., & Pedrosa, M. S. (2022). Advances in magnetic polymeric styrene-divinylbenzene nanocomposites between magnetite and maghemite nanoparticles: an overview. Current Applied Polymer Science, 5(1), 3-14. http://doi.org/10.2174/2452271605666220304091807.

13 Qin, Z., Ma, Z.-H., Zhi, J.-K., & Fu, Y.-L. (2019). A facile synthesis of magnetite single-crystal particles by employing graphene oxide sheets as template for promising application in magnetic fluid. Rare Metals, 38(8), 764-769. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-018-1197-5.

14 Santa Maria, L. C., Leite, M. C. A. M., Costa, M. A. S., Ribeiro, J. M. S., Senna, L. F., & Silva, M. R. (2004). Characterization of magnetic microspheres based on network styrene and divinylbenzene copolymers. Materials Letters, 58(24), 3001-3006. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.05.028.

15 Conceição, B. M., Costa, M. A. S., Santa Maria, L. C., Silva, M. R., & Wang, S. H. (2011). A study of the initiator concentration’s effect on styrene- divinylbenzene polymerization with iron particles. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 21(5), 409-415.

16 Ramos, G. S. M., Mendes, M. S. L., Neves, M. A. F. S., Pedrosa, M. S., & Silva, M. R. (2020). Experimental design to evaluate the efficiency of maghemite nanoparticles incorporation in styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 138(18), 50318. http://doi.org/10.1002/app.50318.

17 Machado, F., Lima, E. L., & Pinto, J. C. (2007). Uma revisão sobre os processos de polimerização em suspensão. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 17(2), 166-179. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282007000200016.

18 Yuan, Q. E., & Williams, R. A. (2007). Large scale manufacture of magnetic polymer particles using membranes and microfluidic devices. China Particuology, 5(1-2), 26-42. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpart.2007.02.001.

19 Massart, R. (1981). Preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids in alkaline and acidic media. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 17(2), 1247-1248. http://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.1981.1061188.

20 Guo, Z., Bai, S., & Sun, Y. (2003). Preparation and characterization of immobilized lipase on magnetic hydrophobic microspheres. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 32(7), 776-782. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00051-6.

21 Koneracká, M., Kopčanský, P., Antalík, M., Timko, M., Ramchand, C. N., Lobo, D., Mehta, R. V., & Upadhyay, R. V. (1999). Immobilization of proteins and enzymes to fine magnetic particles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 201(1-3), 427-430. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00005-0.

22 Alroaithi, M., Jahanzad, F., & Sajjadi, S. (2018). Suppressing coalescence and improving uniformity of polymer beads in suspension polymerization using a two-stage stirring protocol. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 57(35), 11883-11892. http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01599.

23 Chatzi, E. G., Boutris, C. J., & Kiparissides, C. (1991). Monitoring of drop size distributions in agitated bessels. 2. Effect of stabilizer concentration. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 30(6), 1307-1313. http://doi.org/10.1021/ie00054a035.

24 Brown, D. E., & Pitt, K. (1972). Drop size distributions of stirred non-coalescing liquid-liquid systems. Chemical Engineering Science, 27(3), 557-583. http://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(72)87013-1.

25 Castanharo, J. A., Ferreira, I. L. M., Costa, M. A. S., Silva, M. R., Costa, G. M., & Oliveira, M. G. (2015). Microesferas magnéticas à base de poli(metacrilato de metila-co-divinilbenzeno) obtidas por polimerização em suspensão. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 25(2), 192-199.

26 Lee, Y., Rho, J., & Jung, B. (2003). Preparation of magnetic ion-exchange resins by the suspension polymerization of styrene with magnetite. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89(8), 2058-2067. http://doi.org/10.1002/app.12365.

27 Brooks, B. (2010). Suspension polymerization processes. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 33(11), 1737-1744. http://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201000210.

28 Atanase, L. I., & Riess, G. (2010). Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) complex formation with anionic surfactants particle size of nanogels and their disaggregation with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 355(1-3), 29-36. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.11.024.

29 Zerfa, M., & Brooks, B. W. (1996). Vinyl chloride dispersion with relation to suspension polymerization. Chemical Engineering Science, 51(14), 3591-3611. http://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(96)00002-4.

30 Liu, X.-Y., Ding, X.-B., Zheng, Z.-H., Peng, Y.-X., Long, X.-P., Wang, X.-C., Chan, A. S. C., & Yip, C. W. (2003). Synthesis of novel magnetic polymer microspheres with amphiphilic structure. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90(7), 1879-1884. http://doi.org/10.1002/app.12860.

31 Chaudhary, V., & Sharma, S. (2019). Suspension polymerization technique: parameters affecting polymer properties and application in oxidation reactions. Journal of Polymer Research, 26(5), 102. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1767-8.
 

6712676da953950bdf127533 polimeros Articles
Links & Downloads

Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia

Share this page
Page Sections