Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia
https://revistapolimeros.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/0104-1428.20210088
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia
Original Article

Tailoring sustainable compounds using eggshell membrane as biobased epoxy catalyst

Janetty Jany Pereira Barros; Nichollas Guimarães Jaques; Ingridy Dayane dos Santos Silva; Ananda Karoline Camelo de Albuquerque; Amanda Meneses Araújo; Renate Maria Ramos Wellen

Downloads: 2
Views: 706

Abstract

In this work eggshell membrane was added as biobased curing catalyst to epoxy (DGEBA), for comparison purposes the synthetic catalyst DEH 35 data was reported, the curing of compounds was followed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under dynamic conditions and their kinetics were modeled using Kissinger, Friedman, Friedman model based and Málek approaches. From evaluated Ea and l n   A two steps of curing were verified, for the synthetic catalyst compound (S5) Ea abruptly increased for the degree of conversion α > 0.7 the opposite trend was observed for the eggshell membrane compound (M10). It is supposed for S5 Ea increases due to the competitive reactions leading to viscosity increase until reach the solid phase with decrease of the reactive groups availability, hampering the cross-linking, whereas for M10 Ea decreases at α > 0.7 , hence invalidating the Kissinger model which assumes constant Ea.

 

 

Keywords

curing, eggshell membrane, epoxy, kinetics

References

1 Qi, B., Zhang, Q. X., Bannister, M., & Mai, Y.-W. (2006). Investigation of the mechanical properties of DGEBA-based epoxy resin with nanoclay additives. Composite Structures, 75(1-4), 514-519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.04.032.

2 Tang, L., & Weder, C. (2010). Cellulose whisker/epoxy resin nanocomposites. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2(4), 1073-1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am900830h. PMid:20423128.

3 Uglea, C. V. (1998). Oligomer technology and applications. Boca Ratton: CRC Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780585392233.

4 Criado, J. M., Málek, J., & Ortega, A. (1989). Applicability of the master plots in kinetic analysis of non-isothermal data. Thermochimica Acta, 147(2), 377-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(89)85192-5.

5 Montserrat, S., Flaqué, C., Calafell, M., Andreu, G., & Málek, J. (1995). Influence of the accelerator concentration on the curing reaction of an epoxy-anhydride system. Thermochimica Acta, 269-270, 213-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)02362-3.

6 Pascault, J.-P., Sautereau, H., Verdu, J., & Williams, R. J. J. (2002). Thermosetting polymers. Boca Raton: CRC Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203908402.

7 Mine, Y. (2008). Egg bioscience and biotechnology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470181249.

8 Sharma, Y. C., Singh, B., & Korstad, J. (2010). A application of an efficient nonconventional heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from Pongamia pinnata Oil. Energy & Fuels, 24(5), 3223-3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef901514a.

9 Wei, Z., Xu, C., & Li, B. (2009). Application of waste eggshell as low-cost solid catalyst for biodiesel production. Bioresource Technology, 100(11), 2883-2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.039. PMid:19201602.

10 Mosaddegh, E. (2013). Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of nano eggshell powder: a novel catalyst in green and high efficient synthesis of 2-aminochromenes. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20(6), 1436-1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.04.008. PMid:23684545.

11 Laca, A., Laca, A., & Díaz, M. (2017). Eggshell waste as catalyst: a review. Journal of Environmental Management, 197, 351-359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.088. PMid:28407598.

12 Ji, G., Zhu, H., Qi, C., & Zeng, M. (2009). Mechanism of interactions of eggshell microparticles with epoxy resins. Polymer Engineering and Science, 49(7), 1383-1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21339.

13 Xu, Z., Chu, Z., Yan, L., Chen, H., Jia, H., & Tang, W. (2019). Effect of chicken eggshell on the flame‐retardant and smoke suppression properties of an epoxy‐based traditional APP‐PER‐MEL system. Polymer Composites, 40(7), 2712-2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.25077.

14 Hamdi, W. J., & Habubi, N. F. (2018). Preparation of epoxy chicken eggshell composite as thermal insulation. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 54(2), 231-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41779-017-0145-4.

15 Azman, N. A. N., Islam, M. R., Parimalam, M., Rashidi, N. M., & Mupit, M. (2020). Mechanical, structural, thermal and morphological properties of epoxy composites filled with chicken eggshell and inorganic CaCO3 particles. Polymer Bulletin, 77(2), 805-821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02779-y.

16 Saeb, M. R., Ghaffari, M., Rastin, H., Khonakdar, H. A., Simon, F., Najafi, F., Goodarzi, V., Vijayan, P. P., Puglia, D., Asl, F. H., & Formela, K. (2017). Biowaste chicken eggshell powder as a potential cure modifier for epoxy/anhydride systems: competitiveness with terpolymer-modified calcium carbonate at low loading levels. RSC Advances, 7(4), 2218-2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6RA24772E.

17 Jaques, N. G., Souza, J. W. L., Popp, M., Kolbe, J., Fook, M. V. L., & Wellen, R. M. R. (2020). Kinetic investigation of eggshell powders as biobased epoxy catalyzer. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 183, 107651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107651.

18 Jaques, N. G., Barros, J. J. P., Silva, I. D. S., Popp, M., Kolbe, J., & Wellen, R. M. R. (2020). New approaches of curing and degradation on epoxy/eggshell composites. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 196, 108125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108125.

19 Vyazovkin, S. (2017). Isoconversional kinetics of polymers: the decade past. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 38(3), 1600615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201600615. PMid:28009078.

20 Vyazovkin, S. (1997). Evaluation of activation energy of thermally stimulated solid‐state reactions under arbitrary variation of temperature. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 18(3), 393-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199702)18:3<393::AID-JCC9>3.0.CO;2-P.

21 Ton‐That, M.-T., Ngo, T.-D., Ding, P., Fang, G., Cole, K. C., & Hoa, S. V. (2004). Epoxy nanocomposites: analysis and kinetics of cure. Polymer Engineering and Science, 44(6), 1132-1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.20106.

22 Souza, J. W. L., Jaques, N. G., Popp, M., Kolbe, J., Fook, M. V. L., & Wellen, R. M. R. (2019). Optimization of epoxy resin: an investigation of eggshell as a synergic filler. Materials, 12(9), 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091489. PMid:31071924.

23 Galy, J., Sabra, A., & Pascault, J.-P. (1986). Characterization of epoxy thermosetting systems by differential scanning calorimetry. Polymer Engineering and Science, 26(21), 1514-1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760262108.

24 Shanmugharaj, A. M., & Ryu, S. H. (2012). Study on the effect of aminosilane functionalized nanoclay on the curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites. Thermochimica Acta, 546, 16-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.07.026.

25 Nonahal, M., Rastin, H., Saeb, M. R., Sari, M. G., Moghadam, M. H., Zarrintaj, P., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2018). Epoxy/PAMAM dendrimer-modified graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings: nonisothermal cure kinetics study. Progress in Organic Coatings, 114, 233-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.10.023.

26 Zhou, T., Gu, M., Jin, Y., & Wang, J. (2005). Studying on the curing kinetics of a DGEBA/EMI-2, 4/nano-sized carborundum system with two curing kinetic methods. Polymer, 46(16), 6174-6181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.114.

27 Li, L., Zeng, Z., Zou, H., & Liang, M. (2015). Curing characteristics of an epoxy resin in the presence of functional graphite oxide with amine-rich surface. Thermochimica Acta, 614, 76-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.06.006.

28 Barros, J. J. P., Silva, I. D. S., Jaques, N. G., Fook, M. V. L., & Wellen, R. M. R. (2020). Influence of PCL on the epoxy workability, insights from thermal and spectroscopic analyses. Polymer Testing, 89, 106679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106679.

29 Nakano, T., Ikawa, N., & Ozimek, L. (2003). Chemical composition of chicken eggshell and shell membranes. Poultry Science, 82(3), 510-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.3.510. PMid:12705414.

30 Blaine, R. L., & Kissinger, H. E. (2012). Homer Kissinger and the Kissinger equation. Thermochimica Acta, 540, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.04.008.

31 Criado, J. M., Sánchez-Jiménez, P. E., & Pérez-Maqueda, L. A. (2008). Critical study of the isoconversional methods of kinetic analysis. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 92(1), 199-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-007-8763-7.

32 Šimon, P. (2004). Isoconversional methods. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 76(1), 123-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JTAN.0000027811.80036.6c.

33 Vyazovkin, S., & Sbirrazzuoli, N. (2006). Isoconversional kinetic analysis of thermally stimulated processes in polymers. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 27(18), 1515-1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200600404.

34 Wu, F., Zhou, X., & Yu, X. (2018). Reaction mechanism, cure behavior and properties of a multifunctional epoxy resin, TGDDM, with latent curing agent dicyandiamide. RSC Advances, 8(15), 8248-8258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7RA13233F. PMid:35542009.

35 Kamran-Pirzaman, A., Rostamian, Y., & Babatabar, S. (2020). Surface improvement effect of silica nanoparticles on epoxy nanocomposites mechanical and physical properties, and curing kinetic. Journal of Polymer Research, 27(1), 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1918-y.

36 Achilias, D. S., Karabela, M. M., Varkopoulou, E. A., & Sideridou, I. D. (2012). Cure kinetics study of two epoxy systems with Fourier Tranform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 49(8), 630-638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.696995.

37 Li, C., Bu, Z., Sun, J., Fan, H., Wan, J., & Li, B. (2013). New insights into high-ortho phenolic novolac: elucidating dependence between molecular structure, curing kinetics and thermal stability. Thermochimica Acta, 557, 77-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2013.01.004.

38 Roudsari, G. M., Mohanty, A. K., & Misra, M. (2014). Study of the curing kinetics of epoxy resins with biobased hardener and epoxidized soybean oil. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2(9), 2111-2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sc500176z.

39 Erdoğan, B., Seyhan, A. T., Ocak, Y., Tanoğlu, M., Balköse, D., & Ülkü, S. (2008). Cure kinetics of epoxy resin-natural zeolite composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 94(3), 743-747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-008-9366-7.

40 Paramarta, A., & Webster, D. C. (2017). Curing kinetics of bio-based epoxy-anhydride thermosets with zinc catalyst. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 130(3), 2133-2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6704-7.

41 Montserrat, S., Flaqué, C., Pagès, P., & Málek, J. (1995). Effect of the crosslinking degree on curing kinetics of an epoxy-anhydride system. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 56(11), 1413-1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561104.

42 Sun, G., Sun, H., Liu, Y., Zhao, B., Zhu, N., & Hu, K. (2007). Comparative study on the curing kinetics and mechanism of a lignin-based-epoxy/anhydride resin system. Polymer, 48(1), 330-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.10.047.
 

63a05ad6a953956903424c74 polimeros Articles
Links & Downloads

Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia

Share this page
Page Sections