Flexible thermoplastic composite of Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) and waste of rigid Polyurethane foam
Sônego, Marilia; Costa, Lidiane Cristina; Ambrósio, José D.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1944
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.25, n2, p.175-180, 2015
Abstract
This study reports the preparation and characterization of composites with recycled poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and residue of rigid polyurethane foam (PUr), with PUr contents of 20, 35 and 50 wt %, using an extruder equipped with a Maillefer single screw and injection molding. The components of the composites were thermally characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry. The composites were evaluated by melt flow index (MFI), tensile and hardness mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tg determined by DSC of PVB sample (53 °C) indicated the presence of plasticizer (Tg of pure PVB is 70 °C). MFI of the composites indicated a viscosity increase with the PUr content and, as the shear rate was held constant during injection molding, higher viscosities promoted higher shear stresses in the composites, thereby causing breaking or tearing of the PUr particles. The SEM micrographs showed low adhesion between PVB and PUr and the presence of voids, both inherent in the rigid foam and in the interphase PVB-PUr. The SEM micrographs also showed that PVB/PUr (50/50) composite exhibited the smallest particle size and a more homogeneous and compact structure with fewer voids in the interface. The stiffness of the composites increases with addition of the PUr particles, as evidenced in the mechanical tests.
Keywords
rigid Polyurethane foam (PUr), Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB), composites, recycling.
References
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2. Mazo, P., Yarce, O., & Rios, L. A. (2011). Síntesis de espumas rígidas de poliuretano obtenidas a partir de aceite de castor y poliglicerol empleando calentamiento por micro-ondas. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 21(1), 59-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000006.
3. Watando, H., Saya, S., Fukaya, T., Fujieda, S., & Yamamoto, M. (2006). Improving chemical recycling rate by reclaiming polyurethane elastomer from polyurethane foam. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 91(12), 3354-3359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.05.017.
4. Revjakin, O., Zicans, J., Kalnins, M., & Bledzky, A. K. (2000). Properties of compositions based on post-consumer rigid polyurethane foams and low-density thermoplastic resins. Polymer International, 49(9), 917–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/10970126(200009)49:9<917::AID-PI377>3.0.CO;2-M.
5. Becker, D., & Lopes, E. (2012). Influência do uso do poliol reciclado obtido pela glicólise na preparação da espuma rígida de poliuretano. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 22(2), 200205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282012005000014.
6. Valera, T. S., & Demarquette, N. R. (2008). Polymer toughening Using Residue of Recycled Windshields: PVB fim as impact modifier. European Polymer Journal, 44(3), 755-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.12.012.
7. Cascone, E., David, D. J., Di Lorenzo, M. L., Karasz, F. E., Macknight, W. J., Martuscelli, E., & Raimo, M. (2001). Blends of polypropylene with poly(vinyl butyral). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 82(12), 2934-2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.2149.
8. Morais, D., Valera, T. S., & Demarquette, N. R. (2006). Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)-Brazilian montmorillonite nanocomposites, synthesis of hybrid latexes via miniemulsion polymerization. Macromolecular Symposia, 245-246(1), 106115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200651314.
9. Dhaliwal, A. K., & Hay, J. N. (2002). The characterization of polyvinyl butyral by thermal analysis. Thermochimica Acta, 391(1-2), 245-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S00406031(02)00187-9.
10. Chang, M. C. O., David, B., Ray-Chaudhuri, T., Sun, L. L., & Wong, R. P. Acrylinitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) polymer. In O. Olabisi (Ed.), Handbook of thermoplastics (Cap. 6). USA: CRC Press.
11. Marín, A. P., Tatarenko, L. A., & Shlyapnikov, Y. A. (1998). Solubility of antioxidants in poly(vinyl butyral). Polymer Degradation & Stability, 62(3), 507-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(98)00035-4.
12. Cha, Y. J., Lee, H., & Choe, S. (1998). Morphology and mechanical properties of nylon 6 toughened with waste poly (vinyl butyral) film. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 67(9), 1531-1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10974628(19980228)67:9<1531::AID-APP4>3.0.CO;2-E.
13. Bretas, R. E. S., & d’Ávila, M. A. (2010). Princípios fundamentais de reologia de polímeros. In O. M. C. Tuzzi (Ed.), Reologia de polímeros fundidos (Cap. 1). São Carlos: EDUFSCar.
14. Gonella, L. B., Zattera, A. J., Zeni, M., Oliveira, R. V. B., & Canto, L. B. (2009). New reclaiming process of thermoset polyurethane foam and blending with polyamide-12 and thermoplastic polyurethane. Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, 41(4), 303-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244309099413.
15. Lu, Q.-W., Macosko, C. W., & Horrion, J. (2003). Compatibilized blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene. Macromolecular Symposia, 198(1), 221-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200350819.
16. Fu, S.-Y., Feng, X.-Q., Lauke, B., & Mai, Y.-W. (2008). Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(6), 933-961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.01.002.
17. Becker, D. J., Roeder, J., Oliveira, R. V. B., Soldi, V., & Pires, A. T. N. (2003). Blend of thermosetting polyurethane waste with polypropylene: influence of compatibilizing agent on interface domains and mechanical properties. Polymer Testing, 22(2), 225-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(02)00086-7.
18. Ambrósio, J. D., Lucas, A. A., Otaguro, H., & Costa, L. C. (2011). Preparation and characterization of poly (vinyl butyral)leather fiber composites. Polymer Composites, 32(5), 776-785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.21099.
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