Evaluation of chemical and mechanical resistance of virgin and recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) and poly(methylene oxide) when applied as gravel pack in petroleum wells
Pereira, Alexandre Zacarias Ignácio; Delpech, Marcia C.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1822
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.25, n4, p.244-250, 2015
Abstract
Nowadays more and more unexpected uses for common materials have been observed, especially when recycled polymers are concerned. In this work, the viability for application of virgin and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETvir and PETrec, respectively) and also poly(methylene oxide) (PMO) as granular materials (gravel) for gravel packing in sand control systems for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs was studied. Polymer samples were tested in conditions similar to those observed in Campos Basin sandstone formations, in Brazilian Southwest (70 °C and 24.1 MPa). Samples were individually confined in roller cells with chemicals used in formation treatment: hydrochloric acid, pentapotassic DTPA salt (chelant Trilon CK) and in a mixture of diesel, xylene and butyl glycol. Mass loss was measured and the changes in molecular mass verified by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Physical shape and grain size distribution were verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieving tests. The effects over the polymeric gravel pack confinement resistance and permeability were evaluated using an API permeability cell. PMO proved to have a limited use, whereas PETrec and PETvir samples were not significantly affected, suggesting the viability of applying that recycled polymer in gravel packing for sand control in petroleum wells.
Keywords
poly(ethylene terephthalate), recycled polymer, poly(methylene oxide), gravel pack, chemical resistance, sand control, oil well.
References
1. Pereira, A. Z. I., & Delpech, M. C. (2012). Thermal and mechanical evaluation of the stability of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) applied as sand control agent in petroleum wells. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 97(7), 1158-1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.045.
2. Roegiers, J. C., & Thiercelin, M. C. (2000). Formation characterization: rock mechanics. In J. M. Economides, K. G. Nolte (Eds.), Reservoir stimulation (pp. 3.1-3.8). West Succex: John Wiley & Sons.
3. Tiab, D., & Donaldson, E. C. (2012). Petrophysics: theory and practice of measuring reservoir rock and fluid transport properties. Walthan: Gulf Publishing.
4. Carlson, J., Gurley, D., King, G., Price-Smith, C., & Waters, F. (1992). Sand control: why and how. Oilfield Review, 41-53. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from http://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors92/1092/p41_53.pdf
5. Burton, R. C., Mackinley, W. M., Hodge, R. M., & Landrum, W. R. (1998). Evaluating completion damage in high-rate, gravel-packed wells. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 13(4), 259-265. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPE-52893-PA
6. Nguyen, P. D., & Norman, L. R. (2005). US Patent No 20050284631. Washington: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 3
7. Daher, J. S., Gomes, J. A. T., Rosario, F. F., Bezerra, M. C., Amorim, V. C. F., Dumas, G. E., & Oliveira, S. E. A. P. (2006). Field experience to assess efficiency of scale dissolver treatment in a subsea deep water well. In SPE International Oilfield Scale Symposium. Aberdeen: Society of Petroleum Engineers. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-100653-MS
8. Pereira, A. Z. I., Calderon, A., Chagas, C. M., & Pinto, E. A. (2007). Recent advances in deepwater horizontal injector wells acidizing in Campos Basin. In European Formation Damage Conference. Scheveningen: Society of Petroleum Engineers. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-107787-MS
9. American Petroleum Institute. (2008). API RP 19C: measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. Washington.
10. American Petroleum Institute. (2008). API RP 19D: measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants. Washington.
11. Namboori, C. G. G., & Haith, M. (1968). Steric effects in the basic hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 12(9), 1999-2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120901.
12. Mancini, S. D., & Zanin, M. (2002). Influência de meios reacionais na hidrólise de PET pós-consumo. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 12(1), 34-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282002000100010.
13. van Schoors, L. V. (2007). Hydrolytic aging of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) geotextiles: state of the art assessment. Bulletin des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, 270, 133-154. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from http://www.geotech-fr.org/sites/default/files/revues/blpc/BLPC%20270-271%20pp%20133-154%20Vouyovitch.pdf
14. Yoshioka, T., Sato, T., & Okuwaki, A. (1994). Hydrolysis of waste PET by sulfuric acid at 150°C for a chemical recycling. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 52(9), 1353-1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520919.
15. Yoshioka, T., Okayama, N., & Okuwaki, A. (1998). Kinetics of hydrolysis of PET powder in nitric acid by a modified shrinking-core model. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 37(2), 336-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie970459a.
16. Ivanova, L. V., Pavlov, N. N., & Zaikov, G. Y. (1976). Macrokinetic features of the degradation of polyoxymethylene blocks in aqueous solutions of mineral acids. Polymer Science URSS, 18(6), 1534-1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(76)90353-1.
17. Pchelintsev, V. V., Sokolov, A. Yu., & Zaikov, G. E. (1988). Kinetic principles and mechanisms of hydrolytic degradation of mono and polyacetals - A review. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 21(4), 285-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(88)90017-1.
18. Kusy, R. P., & Whitley, J. Q. (2005). Degradation of plastic polyoxymethylene brackets and the subsequent release of toxic formaldehyde. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 127(4), 420-427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.01.023. PMid:15821686.
19. La Mantia, F. P., & Vinci, M. (1994). Recycling poly(ethyleneterephthalate). Polymer Degradation & Stability, 45(1), 121-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(94)90187-2.
20. Awaja, F., & Pavel, D. (2005). Recycling of PET. European Polymer Journal, 41(7), 1453-1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.02.005.
21. Associação Brasileira da Indústria do PET. (2014, May 15). Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from http://www.abipet.org.br/index.html
2. Roegiers, J. C., & Thiercelin, M. C. (2000). Formation characterization: rock mechanics. In J. M. Economides, K. G. Nolte (Eds.), Reservoir stimulation (pp. 3.1-3.8). West Succex: John Wiley & Sons.
3. Tiab, D., & Donaldson, E. C. (2012). Petrophysics: theory and practice of measuring reservoir rock and fluid transport properties. Walthan: Gulf Publishing.
4. Carlson, J., Gurley, D., King, G., Price-Smith, C., & Waters, F. (1992). Sand control: why and how. Oilfield Review, 41-53. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from http://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors92/1092/p41_53.pdf
5. Burton, R. C., Mackinley, W. M., Hodge, R. M., & Landrum, W. R. (1998). Evaluating completion damage in high-rate, gravel-packed wells. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 13(4), 259-265. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPE-52893-PA
6. Nguyen, P. D., & Norman, L. R. (2005). US Patent No 20050284631. Washington: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 3
7. Daher, J. S., Gomes, J. A. T., Rosario, F. F., Bezerra, M. C., Amorim, V. C. F., Dumas, G. E., & Oliveira, S. E. A. P. (2006). Field experience to assess efficiency of scale dissolver treatment in a subsea deep water well. In SPE International Oilfield Scale Symposium. Aberdeen: Society of Petroleum Engineers. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-100653-MS
8. Pereira, A. Z. I., Calderon, A., Chagas, C. M., & Pinto, E. A. (2007). Recent advances in deepwater horizontal injector wells acidizing in Campos Basin. In European Formation Damage Conference. Scheveningen: Society of Petroleum Engineers. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-107787-MS
9. American Petroleum Institute. (2008). API RP 19C: measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. Washington.
10. American Petroleum Institute. (2008). API RP 19D: measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants. Washington.
11. Namboori, C. G. G., & Haith, M. (1968). Steric effects in the basic hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 12(9), 1999-2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120901.
12. Mancini, S. D., & Zanin, M. (2002). Influência de meios reacionais na hidrólise de PET pós-consumo. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 12(1), 34-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282002000100010.
13. van Schoors, L. V. (2007). Hydrolytic aging of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) geotextiles: state of the art assessment. Bulletin des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, 270, 133-154. Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from http://www.geotech-fr.org/sites/default/files/revues/blpc/BLPC%20270-271%20pp%20133-154%20Vouyovitch.pdf
14. Yoshioka, T., Sato, T., & Okuwaki, A. (1994). Hydrolysis of waste PET by sulfuric acid at 150°C for a chemical recycling. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 52(9), 1353-1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520919.
15. Yoshioka, T., Okayama, N., & Okuwaki, A. (1998). Kinetics of hydrolysis of PET powder in nitric acid by a modified shrinking-core model. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 37(2), 336-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie970459a.
16. Ivanova, L. V., Pavlov, N. N., & Zaikov, G. Y. (1976). Macrokinetic features of the degradation of polyoxymethylene blocks in aqueous solutions of mineral acids. Polymer Science URSS, 18(6), 1534-1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(76)90353-1.
17. Pchelintsev, V. V., Sokolov, A. Yu., & Zaikov, G. E. (1988). Kinetic principles and mechanisms of hydrolytic degradation of mono and polyacetals - A review. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 21(4), 285-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(88)90017-1.
18. Kusy, R. P., & Whitley, J. Q. (2005). Degradation of plastic polyoxymethylene brackets and the subsequent release of toxic formaldehyde. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 127(4), 420-427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.01.023. PMid:15821686.
19. La Mantia, F. P., & Vinci, M. (1994). Recycling poly(ethyleneterephthalate). Polymer Degradation & Stability, 45(1), 121-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(94)90187-2.
20. Awaja, F., & Pavel, D. (2005). Recycling of PET. European Polymer Journal, 41(7), 1453-1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.02.005.
21. Associação Brasileira da Indústria do PET. (2014, May 15). Retrieved in 10 February 2014, from http://www.abipet.org.br/index.html
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email