Tribology of natural Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) under transmission oil lubrication
Andrade, Thiago Fontoura de; Wiebeck, Helio; Sinatora, Amilton
Abstract
High performance polymeric materials such as poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) are increasingly being used for challenging tribological applications in order to replace metal parts in vehicle engines and transmissions. The tribology of natural PEEK, under oil-lubricated conditions, was studied for different metal counterbody finishes. Two different finishing processes were selected for this study: turning and polishing. The test system used was a tri-pin on disc, with pins made of PEEK and counterbodies made of steel, and then dipped in ATF Dexron VI oil. The conclusion was that the wear rate generated by turning was about seven times as high as the wear rate generated by polishing. The friction coefficient displayed a direct correlation with the lubrication regime, and the level of counterbody roughness. On average, the friction coefficient on the hydrodynamic regime for polishing was more than 3 times lower than the friction coefficient in the boundary regime for turning.
Keywords
References
1 Attwood, T. E., Dawson, P. C., Freeman, J. L., Hoy, L. R. J., Rose, J. B., & Staniland, P. (1981). Synthesis and properties of polyaryletherketones. Polymer, 22(8), 1096-1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(81)90299-8.
2 Gutiérrez, J. C., Rubio, J. C. C., & Faria, E. (2014). Usinabilidade de materiais compósitos poliméricos para aplicações automotivas. Polímeros. Ciência e Tecnologia, 24(6), 711-719.
3 Friedrich, K., Karger-Kocsis, J., & Lu, Z. (1991). Effects of steel counterface roughness and temperature on the friction and wear of PEEK composites under dry sliding conditions. Wear, 148(2), 235-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(91)90287-5.
4 Ramachandra, S., & Ovaert, T. C. (1997). The effect of controlled surface topoghaphical features on the unlubricated transfer nad wear of PEEK. Wear, 206(1-2), 94-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(96)07354-1.
5 Cirino, M., Friedrich, K., & Pipes, R. (1988). Evaluation of polymer composites for sliding abrasive wear applications. Composites, 19(5), 383-392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(88)90126-7.
6 Voss, H., & Friedrich, K. (1987). On the wear behaviour of short frbre-reinforced PEEK composite. Wear, 116(1), 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(87)90262-6.
7 Friedrich, K., Karger-Kocsis, J., & Lu, Z. (1991). Effects of steel counterface roughness and temperature on the friction and wear of PEEK composites under dry sliding conditions. Wear, 148(2), 235-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(91)90287-5.
8 Lu, Z. P., & Friedrich, K. (1995). On sliding friction and wear of PEEK and its composites. Wear, 181-183(2), 624-631.
9 Ma, N., Lin, G. M., Xie, G. Y., Sui, G. X., & Yang, R. (2012). Tribological behavior of polyetheretherketone composites containing short carbon fibers and potassium titanate whiskers in dry sliding against steel. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 123(2), 740-748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.34502.
10 Zeng, H., He, G., & Yang, G. (1987). Friction and wear of poly(phenylene sulphide) and its carbon fibre composites: I unlubricated. Wear, 116(1), 59-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(87)90267-5.
11 Wang, Q., Xu, Q. J., Shen, W., & Xue, Q. (1997). The effect of nanometer SiC filler on the tribological behavior of PEEK. Wear, 209(1-2), 316-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00015-X.
12 Zhang, G., Wetzel, B., & Wang, Q. (2015). Tribological behavior of PEEK-based materials under mixed and boundary lubrication conditions. Tribology International, 88, 153-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.03.021.
13 Zhang, G., Yu, H., Zhang, C., Liao, H., & Coddet, C. (2008). Temperature dependence of the tribological mechanisms of amorphous PEEK (polyetheretherketone) under dry sliding conditions. Acta Materialia, 56(10), 2182-2190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.01.018.
14 Victrex. (2014). Materials properties guide. Lancashire: Victrex PLC. Retrieved in 2017, March 10, from http://www.victrex.com.
15 American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM (2004). ASTM G-99 04: standard test method for wear testing with pin-on-disk apparatus metals test methods and analytical procedure (Vol. 03.02; Section 3). West Conshohocken: ASTM
16 Elliott, D. M., Fisher, J., & Clark, D. T. (1998). Effect of counterface surface roughness and its evolution on the wear and friction of PEEK and PEEK-bonded carbon fibre composites on stainless steel. Wear, 217(2), 288-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(98)00148-3.
17 Zhang, G., Zhang, C., Nardin, P., Li, W. Y., Liao, H., & Coddet, C. (2008). Effects of sliding velocity and applied load on the tribological mechanism of amorphous poly-ethr-ethr-ketone (PEEK). Tribology International, 41(2), 79-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2007.05.002.
18 Stachowiak, G. W., & Batchelor, A. W. (2005). Engineering tribology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
19 Friedrich, K. (1986). Mild wear of rubber-based compounds. In K. Friedrich (Ed.), Friction and wear of polymer composites (pp. 289-327). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
20 Schallamach, A. (1971). How does rubber slide? Wear, 17(4), 301-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(71)90033-0. [
21 Buckley, D. H. (1981). Surface effects in adhesion, friction, wear and lubrication. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
22 Zhang, G., & Schlarb, A. K. (2009). Correlation of the tribological behaviors with the mechanical properties of poly-ether-ether-ketones (PEEKs) with different molecular weights and their fiber filled composites. Wear, 266(1-2), 337-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.07.004.
23 Aharoni, S. M. (1973). The wear of polymers by roll formation. Wear, 25(3), 309-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(73)90002-1.
24 Myshkin, N. K., Petrokovets, M. I., & Kovalev, A. V. (2005). Tribology of polymers: adhesion, friction, wear and mass transfer. Tribology International, 38(11-12), 910-921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.07.016.
25 Greenwood, J. A., & Williamson, J. B. P. (1966). Contact of nominally flat surfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 295(1442), 300-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1966.0242.
26 Tamura, J., Clarke, I. C., Kawanabe, K., Akagi, M., Good, V. D., Williams, P. A., Masaoka, T., Schroeder, D., & Oonishi, H. (2002). Micro-wear patterns on UHMWPE tibial inserts in total knee joint simulation. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 61(2), 218-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.10027. PMid:12007202.
27 Scherge, M., Kramlich, J., Böttcher, R., & Hoppe, T. (2013). Running-in due to material transfer of lubricated steel/PA46 (aliphatic polyamide) contacts. Wear, 301(1-2), 758-762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.035.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email