Biopolymer production using fungus Mucor racemosus Fresenius and glycerol as substrate
Araújo, Thaíssa Rodrigues; Petkowicz, Carmen Lúcia de Oliveira; Cardoso, Vicelma Luiz; Coutinho Filho, Ubirajara; Vieira, Patrícia Angélica
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2294
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.26, n2, p.144-151, 2016
Abstract
This study evaluated extracellular production of biopolymer using fungus Mucor racemosus Fresenius and glycerol as a carbon source. Initially employing conical flasks of 500 mL containing 100 mL of cultive medium with 0.18 ± 0.03 g.L–1 of microorganisms, the results showed that the best conditions of the variables studied were: initial concentration of glycerol 50 g.L–1, fermentation time of 96 h, inoculum cultivation time of 120 h, and aeration in two stages–the first 24 hours without aeration and 72 hours fermentation with aeration of 2 vvm and 2 g.L–1 of yeast extract. The experiments conducted in a Biostat B fermenter with a 2.0 L capacity that contained 1.0 L of medium showed production of 16.35 g.L–1 gum formed and 75% glycerol consumption. These conditions produced a biopolymer with the molecular weight and total sugar content of 4.607×106 g.mol–1 (Da) and 89.5%, respectively.
Keywords
biopolymer, Mucor racemosus Fresenius, glycerol, aeration, fermentation, productivity
References
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19. Souza, T. D. S., Yuhara, T. T., Castro-Gómez, R. J. H., & Garcia, S. (2007). Produção de exopolissacarídeos por bactérias probióticas: otimização do meio de cultura. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 10(1), 27-34. Retrieved in 19 August 2015, from http://www.ital.sp.gov.br/bj/artigos/bjft/2007/p06269.pdf
20. Garcia-Ochoa, F., Castro, E. G., & Santos, V. E. (2000). Oxygen transfer and uptake rates during xanthan gum production. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 27(9), 680-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00272-6. PMid:11064050.
21. Scamparini, A., Mariuzzo, D., Fujihara, H., Jacobusi, R., & Vendruscolo, C. (1997). Structural Studies of CV-70 Polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 21(1-2), 115-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-8130(97)00050-0. PMid:9283025.
22. Amanullah, A., Serrano, L. C., Galindo, E., & Nienow, A. W. (1996). Reproducibility of pilot scale xanthan fermentations. Biotechnology Progress, 12(4), 466-473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp960042k.
23. Beyer, R., Melton, D. L., & Kennedy, D. L. (1987). Viscosity studies on the polysaccharide gum from Rhizobium strain CB 744. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 39(2), 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740390208.
24. Rosalam, S., & England, R. (2006). Review of xanthan gum production from unmodified starches by Xanthomonas camprestris sp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39(2), 197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.019.
25. Papagianni, M., Psomas, S. K., Batsilas, L., Paras, S. V., Kyriakidis, D. A., & Liakopoulou-Kyriakides, M. (2001). Xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris in batch cultures. Process Biochemistry, 37(1), 73-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00174-1.
26. Diaz, O. S., Vendruscolo, C. T., & Vendruscolo, J. L. S. (2004). Reologia de Xantana: uma revisão sobre a influência de eletrólitos na viscosidade de soluções aquosas de gomas xantana. Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, 25(1), 15-28. Retrieved in 19 August 2015, from http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semexatas/article/viewFile/1557/1308
2. Sarangi, I., Ghosh, D., Bhutia, S. K., Mallick, S. K., & Maiti, T. K. (2006). Anti-tumor and immunomodulating effects of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia-derived proteoglycans. International Immunopharmacology, 6(8), 1287-1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.04.002. PMid:16782541.
3. Sutherland, I. W. (2001). Microbial polysaccharides from gramnegative. International Dairy Journal, 11(9), 663-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00112-1.
4. Selbmann, L., Onofri, S., Fenice, M., Federici, F., & Petruccioli, M. (2002). Production and structural characterization of the exopolysaccharide of the Antarctic fungus Phoma herbarum CCFEE 5080. Research in Microbiology, 153(9), 585-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0923-2508(02)01372-4. PMid:12455706.
5. Brito, G. F., Agrawal, P., Araújo, E. M., & Mélo, T. J. A. (2011). Biopolímeros, polímeros biodegradáveis e polímeros verdes. Revista Eletrônica de Materiais e Processos, 6(2), 127-139.
6. Alves, M. H., Takaki, G. M. C., Okada, K., Pessoa, I. H. F., & Milanez, A. I. (2005). Detection of extracellular protease in Mucor species. Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia, 22(2), 114-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1130-1406(05)70020-6. PMid:16107171.
7. Roopesh, K., Ramachandran, S., Nampoothiri, K. M., Szakacs, G., & Pandey, A. (2006). Comparison of phytase production on wheat bran and oilcakes in solid-state fermentation by Mucor racemosus. Bioresource Technology, 97(3), 506-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.046. PMid:15979307.
8. Amorim, R. V. S., Souza, W., Fukushima, K. E., & Campos-Takaki, G. M. (2001). Faster chitosan production by mucoralean strains in submerged culture. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 32(1), 20-33.
9. Faria, S., Vieira, P. A., de Resende, M. M., Ribeiro, E. J., & Cardoso, V. L. (2010). Application of a model using the phenomenological approach for prediction of growth and xanthan gum production with sugar cane broth in a batch process. LWT – Food Science and Technology (Campinas.), 43, 498-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2009.09.018.
10. Faria, S., Vieira, P. A., Resende, M. M., França, F. P., & Cardoso, V. L. (2009). A comparison between shaker and bioreactor performance based on the kinetic parameters of xanthan gum production. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 156(1-3), 475-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8485-8. PMid:19130306.
11. Freitas, F., Alves, V. D., Pais, J., Costa, N., Oliveira, C., Mafra, L., Hilliou, L., Oliveira, R., & Reis, M. A. (2009). Characterization of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by a Pseudomonas strain grown on glycerol. Bioresource Technology, 100(2), 859-865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.002. PMid:18713662.
12. Faria, S., Petkowicz, C. L. O., Morais, S. A. L., Terrones, M. G. H., Resende, M. M., França, F. P., & Cardoso, V. L. (2011). Characterization of xanthan gum produced from sugar cane broth. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(2), 469-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.063.
13. Biermann, C. J., & Mcginnis, G. D. (1989). Analysis of carbohydrates by GLC and MS. Florida: CRC Press.
14. Blumenkrantz, N., & Asboe-Hansen, G. (1973). New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids. Analytical Biochemistry, 54(2), 484-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1. PMid:4269305.
15. Nagel, A., Sirisakulwat, S., Carle, R., & Neidhart, S. (2014). An acetate−hydroxide gradient for the quantitation of the neutral sugar and uronic acid profile of pectins by HPAEC-PAD without postcolumn pH adjustment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(9), 2037-2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf404626d. PMid:24547908.
16. Chaplin, M. F. (1994). Carbohydrate analysis: a practical approach. London: IRL Press Practical Approach Series.
17. Antônio, R. V., Recouvreux, D. O. S., Nazario, A. C., Timboni, D., Ferrarini, E., Rodowanski, G. P., Cauduro, M. T., & Peres, S. S. (2012). Produção de celulose bacteriana a partir de diferentes substratos. Revista Técnico Científica, 3(1), 176-182. Retrieved in 19 August 2015, from http://periodicos.ifsc.edu.br/index.php/rtc/article/view/726
18. Souza, A. S., & Vendruscolo, C. T. (2000). Produção e caracterização dos biopolímeros sintetizados por Xanthomonas campestris pv. Pruni cepas 24 e 58. Ciência e Engenharia, 8, 115-123.
19. Souza, T. D. S., Yuhara, T. T., Castro-Gómez, R. J. H., & Garcia, S. (2007). Produção de exopolissacarídeos por bactérias probióticas: otimização do meio de cultura. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 10(1), 27-34. Retrieved in 19 August 2015, from http://www.ital.sp.gov.br/bj/artigos/bjft/2007/p06269.pdf
20. Garcia-Ochoa, F., Castro, E. G., & Santos, V. E. (2000). Oxygen transfer and uptake rates during xanthan gum production. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 27(9), 680-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00272-6. PMid:11064050.
21. Scamparini, A., Mariuzzo, D., Fujihara, H., Jacobusi, R., & Vendruscolo, C. (1997). Structural Studies of CV-70 Polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 21(1-2), 115-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-8130(97)00050-0. PMid:9283025.
22. Amanullah, A., Serrano, L. C., Galindo, E., & Nienow, A. W. (1996). Reproducibility of pilot scale xanthan fermentations. Biotechnology Progress, 12(4), 466-473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp960042k.
23. Beyer, R., Melton, D. L., & Kennedy, D. L. (1987). Viscosity studies on the polysaccharide gum from Rhizobium strain CB 744. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 39(2), 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740390208.
24. Rosalam, S., & England, R. (2006). Review of xanthan gum production from unmodified starches by Xanthomonas camprestris sp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39(2), 197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.019.
25. Papagianni, M., Psomas, S. K., Batsilas, L., Paras, S. V., Kyriakidis, D. A., & Liakopoulou-Kyriakides, M. (2001). Xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris in batch cultures. Process Biochemistry, 37(1), 73-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00174-1.
26. Diaz, O. S., Vendruscolo, C. T., & Vendruscolo, J. L. S. (2004). Reologia de Xantana: uma revisão sobre a influência de eletrólitos na viscosidade de soluções aquosas de gomas xantana. Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, 25(1), 15-28. Retrieved in 19 August 2015, from http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/semexatas/article/viewFile/1557/1308
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