Photodegradation of a polypropylene filled with lanthanide complexes
Massardier, Valérie; Louizi, Molka
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2006
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.25, n6, p.515-522, 2015
Abstract
This research aims at studying the photodegradation of a polypropylene formulation filled with lanthanide complexes. These complexes can be used as tracers for the identification of polymer materials in order to facilitate an high speed automatic sorting of plastic wastes for an economically efficient recycling. By paying attention to the evolution of carbonyl absorption bands in FTIR spectra, it is observed that the addition of lanthanide complexes into our formulation improves UV stability of polypropylene by reducing the extent of photo-degradation. Furthermore, TG analyses show that the traced blends can maintain better thermal properties, after irradiation. A significant increase of the crystallinity degree and a decrease of the melting temperature are more pronounced for the unfilled UV–irradiated PP. This might result from chemi-crystallization that can occur when chain entanglements are broken as a result of chain scissions. From SEM analyses, it is observed that the severity of surface cracks induced by photo degradation is reduced for filled PP. The mechanical tests are in agreement with this result and show a fundamental change in the behavior of the as-exposed blends from a ductile to a brittle material.
Keywords
polypropylene, lanthanide complexes, UV irradiation, photodegradation.
References
1. Aouachria, K., Quintard, G., Massardier-Nageotte, V., & Belhaneche-Bensemra, N. (2014). The effect of Di-(-2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as plasticizer on the thermal and mechanical properties of PVC/PMMA blends. Polimeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 24(4), 428-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1588.
2. Hachemi, R., Belhaneche-Bensemra, N., Massardier, V. (2014). Elaboration and characterization of bioblends based on PVC/PLA. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131(7), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40045.
3. Ayoub, A., & Massardier-Nageotte, V. (2012). The effect of UV-irradiation and molten medium on the mechanical and thermal properties of polystyrene–polycarbonate blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124(2), 1096-1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.35094.
4. Vignon, A., Ayoub, A., & Massardier, V. (2013). The effect of gamma-irradiation and reactive extrusion on the structure and properties of polycarbonate and starch blends: a work oriented to the recycling of thermoplastic wastes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 127(5), 4168-4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38024.
5. Allen, N. S., & Edge, M. (1992). Aspects of degradation and stabilization of polymers. In N.S. Allen, M. Edge. Fundamental of polymer degradation and stabilization (Chap 4). London: Elsevier Applied Science.
6. Shyichuk, A. V., Turton, T. J., White, J. R., & Syrotynska, I. D. (2004). Different degradability of two similar polypropylenes as revealed by macromolecule scission and crosslinking rates. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 86(2), 377-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.05.011.
7. Obadal, M., Cermak, R., Raab, M., Verney, V., Commereuc, S., & Fraisse, F. (2005). Structure evolution of α- and β-polypropylenes upon UV irradiation: A multiscale comparison. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 88(3), 532-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.014.
8. Výchopňová, J., Čermák, R., Obadal, M., Raab, M., Verney, V., & Commereuc, S. (2007). The role of specific nucleation in polypropylene photodegradation. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 92(10), 1763-1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.07.010.
9. Commereuc, S., Scheirs, S., Verney, V., & Lacoste, J. (1998). In situ detection of hindered amine stabilizer consumption in polymer through oxidation by indirect electron spin resonance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 69(6), 1107-1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980808)69:6<1107::AID-APP7>3.0.CO;2-K.
10. Chvátalová, L., Beníček, L., Berková, K., Čermák, R., Obadal, M., Verney, V., & Commereuc, S. (2012). Effect of annealing temperature on phase composition and tensile properties in isotactic poly(1-butene). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124(4), 3407-3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.35360.
11. Beníček, L., Chvátalová, L., Obadal, M., Čermák, R., Verney, V., & Commereuc, S. (2011). Photodegradation of isotactic poly(1-butene): multiscale characterization. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 96(10), 1740-1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.08.001.
12. Ammala, A., Hill, A. J., Meakin, P., Pas, S. J., & Turney, T. W. (2002). Degradation studies of polyolefins incorporating transparent nanoparticulate zinc oxide UV stabilizers. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 4(1), 167-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020121700825.
13. Vink, P. (1983). The photo-oxidation of polyolefins - structural and morphological aspects. In N. S. Allen (Ed.), Degradation and stabilization of polyolefins (pp.213-246). London: Applied Science Publishers.
14. Albertson, A. C., Andersson, S. O., & Karlsson, S. (1987). The mechanism of biodegradation of polyethylene. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 18(1), 73-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(87)90084-X.
2. Hachemi, R., Belhaneche-Bensemra, N., Massardier, V. (2014). Elaboration and characterization of bioblends based on PVC/PLA. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131(7), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40045.
3. Ayoub, A., & Massardier-Nageotte, V. (2012). The effect of UV-irradiation and molten medium on the mechanical and thermal properties of polystyrene–polycarbonate blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124(2), 1096-1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.35094.
4. Vignon, A., Ayoub, A., & Massardier, V. (2013). The effect of gamma-irradiation and reactive extrusion on the structure and properties of polycarbonate and starch blends: a work oriented to the recycling of thermoplastic wastes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 127(5), 4168-4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38024.
5. Allen, N. S., & Edge, M. (1992). Aspects of degradation and stabilization of polymers. In N.S. Allen, M. Edge. Fundamental of polymer degradation and stabilization (Chap 4). London: Elsevier Applied Science.
6. Shyichuk, A. V., Turton, T. J., White, J. R., & Syrotynska, I. D. (2004). Different degradability of two similar polypropylenes as revealed by macromolecule scission and crosslinking rates. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 86(2), 377-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.05.011.
7. Obadal, M., Cermak, R., Raab, M., Verney, V., Commereuc, S., & Fraisse, F. (2005). Structure evolution of α- and β-polypropylenes upon UV irradiation: A multiscale comparison. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 88(3), 532-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.014.
8. Výchopňová, J., Čermák, R., Obadal, M., Raab, M., Verney, V., & Commereuc, S. (2007). The role of specific nucleation in polypropylene photodegradation. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 92(10), 1763-1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.07.010.
9. Commereuc, S., Scheirs, S., Verney, V., & Lacoste, J. (1998). In situ detection of hindered amine stabilizer consumption in polymer through oxidation by indirect electron spin resonance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 69(6), 1107-1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980808)69:6<1107::AID-APP7>3.0.CO;2-K.
10. Chvátalová, L., Beníček, L., Berková, K., Čermák, R., Obadal, M., Verney, V., & Commereuc, S. (2012). Effect of annealing temperature on phase composition and tensile properties in isotactic poly(1-butene). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124(4), 3407-3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.35360.
11. Beníček, L., Chvátalová, L., Obadal, M., Čermák, R., Verney, V., & Commereuc, S. (2011). Photodegradation of isotactic poly(1-butene): multiscale characterization. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 96(10), 1740-1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.08.001.
12. Ammala, A., Hill, A. J., Meakin, P., Pas, S. J., & Turney, T. W. (2002). Degradation studies of polyolefins incorporating transparent nanoparticulate zinc oxide UV stabilizers. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 4(1), 167-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020121700825.
13. Vink, P. (1983). The photo-oxidation of polyolefins - structural and morphological aspects. In N. S. Allen (Ed.), Degradation and stabilization of polyolefins (pp.213-246). London: Applied Science Publishers.
14. Albertson, A. C., Andersson, S. O., & Karlsson, S. (1987). The mechanism of biodegradation of polyethylene. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 18(1), 73-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(87)90084-X.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email