Incorporação de fonte de nitrogênio em partículas de PVA e alginato de sódio e estudo da influência de ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento na caracterização do produto
A source of nitrogen incorporation in particulate PVA and sodium alginate and study of the influence of freezing/thawing cycles in the characterization of the product
Nardi, Sinara Queli Welter; Teixeira, Sirlei Dias; Parabocz, Cristiane Regina Budziak
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1967
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.25, n6, p.606-613, 2015
Resumo
Neste trabalho foram incorporadas duas fontes de nitrogênio (ureia e caulinita intercalada com ureia) em matriz polimérica de álcool polivinílico e alginato de sódio na proporção de 3:1, utilizando a metodologia de gotejamento em solução de CaCl2. As partículas foram submetidas ao congelamento e posterior descongelamento com o intuito de melhorar a estrutura e resistência térmica da matriz polimérica. As partículas foram caracterizadas através de Análise Elementar, FTIR, DRX e Análise Térmica. As partículas que apresentaram as melhores formulações foram as de álcool polivinílico+alginato de sódio+ureia, pois apresentaram eficiência de incorporação próximas as das partículas de álcool polivinílico+alginato de sódio+caulinita intercalada, mas com maior estabilidade térmica, cerca de 200 °C.
Palavras-chave
álcool polivinílico, alginato de sódio, ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento, incorporação de nitrogênio, ureia.
Abstract
Abstract
In this work two nitrogen sources (urea and urea intercalated kaolinite) were incorporated in the polymer matrix polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate in the ratio of 3: 1, using the methodology drip in CaCl2. The particles were subjected to freezing and subsequent thawing in order to improve the structure and thermal resistance of the polymer matrix. The particles were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, and thermal analysis. The particles that showed the best formulations were those of polyvinyl alcohol+sodium alginate+urea, because they showed the efficiency of incorporation nearby particles polyvinyl alcohol+sodium alginate+urea intercalated kaolinite, but with greater thermal stability, about 200 °C.
Keywords
polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, cycles of freeze/thawing, incorporation of nitrogen, urea.
References
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17. Gardolinski, J. E., & Wypych, F. (2001). Esfoliação e hidratação da caulinita após intercalação com uréia. Química Nova,24(6), 761-767. Retirado em 15 Julho 2014, de http://www.scielo.br/pdf/qn/v24n6/6782.pdf
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22. Jia, X., Li, Y., Zhang, B., Cheng, Q., & Zhang, S. (2008). Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/kaolinite nanocomposites via in situ polymerization. Materials Research Bulletin, 43(3), 611-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.04.008.
23. Marinho, J. R. D. (2005). Macromoléculas e polímeros. Barueri: Manole.
24. Orzechowski, K., Slonka, T., & Glowinski, J.-J. (2006). Dielectric properties of intercalated kaolinite. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 67(5-6), 915-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.03.001.
2. Islam, M. S., & Karim, M. R. (2010). Fabrication and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/alginate blend nanofibers by electrospinning method. Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 366(1-3), 135-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.05.038.
3. DeMerlis, C. C., & Schoneker, D. R. (2003). Review of the oral toxicity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 41(3), 319-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00258-2.
4. Li, W., Li, X., Chen, Y., Li, X., Deng, H., Wang, T., Huang, R., & Fan, G. (2013). Poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/layered silicate based nanofibrous mats for bacterial inhibition. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92(2), 2232-2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.004. PMid:23399282.
5. Yang, J. M., Wang, N. C., & Chiu, H. C. (2014). Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blended membrane for alkaline solid polymer electrolytes membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 457(1), 139-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.034.
6. Paula, H. C. B., Oliveira, E. F., Abreu, F. O. M. S., Paula, R. C. M., Morais, S. M., & Forte, M. M. C. (2010). Esferas (beads) de alginato como agente encapsulante de óleo de croton zehntneri pax et hoffm. Polímeros, 20(2), 112-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282010005000019.
7. Kuila, S. B., & Ray, S. K. (2014). Dehydration of dioxane by pervaporation using filled blend membranes of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. Carbohydrate Polymers, 101, 1154-1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.086. PMid:24299887.
8. Santagapita, P., Mazzobre, M., & Buera, M. (2012). Invertase stability in alginate beads. Food Research International, 47(2), 321-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.07.042.
9. Turbiani, F. R. B., Kieckbusch, T. G., & Gimenes, M. L. (2011). Liberação de benzoato de cálcio de filmes de alginato de sódio reticulados com íons cálcio. Polímeros, 21(3), 175-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000034.
10. Zhu, G., Wang, F., Xu, K., Gao, Q., & Liu, Y. (2013). Study on properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polyacrylonitrile blend film. Polímeros, 23(2), 146-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/polimeros.2013.076.
11. El-Hadi, A. A. (2003). Factors affecting the production of prednisolone by immobilization of Bacillus pumilus E601 cells in poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels produced by radiation polymerization. Process Biochemistry, 38(12), 1659-1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00102-4.
12. Lozinsky, V. I., Galaev, I. Y., Plieva, F. M., Savina, I. N., Jungvid, H., & Mattiasson, B. (2003). Polymeric cryogels as promising materials of biotechnological interest. Trends in Biotechnology, 21(10), 445-451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.08.002. PMid:14512231.
13. Peppas, N. A. (1997). Hydrogels and drug delivery. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 2(5), 531-537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(97)80103-3.
14. Wang, Z., Gu, Z., Li, Z., Hong, Y., & Cheng, L. (2013). Effects of urea on freeze–thaw stability of starch-based wood adhesive. Carbohydrate Polymers, 95(1), 397-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.009. PMid:23618285.
15. Schaber, P. M., Colson, J., Higgins, S., Thielen, D., Anspach, B., & Brauer, J. (2004). Thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of urea in an open reaction vessel. Thermochimica Acta, 424(1-2), 131-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2004.05.018.
16. Budziak Fukamachi, C. R., Wypych, F., & Mangrich, A. S. (2007). Use of Fe3+ ion probe to study the stability of urea-intercalated kaolinite by electron paramagnetic resonance. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 313(2), 537-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.04.078. PMid:17561069.
17. Gardolinski, J. E., & Wypych, F. (2001). Esfoliação e hidratação da caulinita após intercalação com uréia. Química Nova,24(6), 761-767. Retirado em 15 Julho 2014, de http://www.scielo.br/pdf/qn/v24n6/6782.pdf
18. Cunha, M. A. A., Converti, A., Santos, J. C., Ferreira, S. T. S., & Silva, S. S. (2009). PVA-hydrogel entrapped candida guilliermondii for xylitol production from sugarcane hemicellulose hydrolysate. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 157(3), 527-537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8301-5. PMid:18633733.
19. Silverstein, R. M., Webster, F. X., & Kiemle, D. J. (2007). Identificação espectrométrica de compostos orgânicos.Rio de Janeiro: LTC.
20. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S., & Vyvyan, J. R. (2010). Introdução à espectroscopia.São Paulo: Cengage Learning.
21. Makó, E., Kristóf, J., Horváth, E., & Vágvölgyi, V. (2009). Kaolinite–urea complexes obtained by mechanochemical and aqueous suspension techniques - a comparative study. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 330(2), 367-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.054. PMid:19019383.
22. Jia, X., Li, Y., Zhang, B., Cheng, Q., & Zhang, S. (2008). Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/kaolinite nanocomposites via in situ polymerization. Materials Research Bulletin, 43(3), 611-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.04.008.
23. Marinho, J. R. D. (2005). Macromoléculas e polímeros. Barueri: Manole.
24. Orzechowski, K., Slonka, T., & Glowinski, J.-J. (2006). Dielectric properties of intercalated kaolinite. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 67(5-6), 915-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.03.001.
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